Technical Specifications: Acoustic Carpet Underlay – Thermotec NuWave. Highly recommended for soundproofing walls, floors, ceilings, home theaters, sound studios, cars, boats, trucks & machinery housings. Stop footsteps and easily hit building code requirements! $114. The material is incredibly dense,. 1. Soundproofing is all about coverage, and that’s hard to achieve when there are parts, carpet, wires, and everything else in the way. Measure the spacing between the joists – it should be the same but experience tells me it isn’t. MLV works by adding density and mass to the. It is suitable for. Cost: $. Underlayment can improve the flooring by adding its insulating and soundproof nature. I’ve used MLV from two different companies so far – TMS and Soundsulate. This is a blend of high mass vinyl with close cell foam. MLV is typically installed directly on studs, joists or over a. MuteBarrier can also be used on walls, ceilings and to construct acoustic fences. Sam's Marine. I was looking through your products and found the Mass Loaded Vinyl. Mass Loaded Vinyl is a dense limp barium loaded vinyl designed to block sound waves. It is equal to lead of the same mass in effectiveness and acts as a thin de-coupling sound blocker. I was reading online about a stuff called "mass loaded vinyl". Roll Length. I don't believe what the showdown website says anymore. About STC Ratings. DynaMat and MLV (Mass Loaded Vinyl). Several retailers sell fabrics that are specifically designed for soundproofing. Back; Noise Grabber Mass Loaded Vinyl (MLV). Step four: Cover your required area with this vinyl and use foil tape to the joint section of MLV. Step 2b: Using a T-Square or Straight Edge, prepare to make a clean, straight cut with a utility knife at the desired length. This high performance solution reduces unwanted sound transfer under floors; it helps create quieter living spaces and is ideal for situations that have a higher noise level. 36 Months Interest-Free Financing. I don't believe what the showdown website says anymore. 00 $ 239 . Mass loaded vinyl (MLV) helps create sound-blocking assemblies to reduce airborne sound transmission for new or retrofit applications. MLV has a density ranging from 0. 3) Tim: I am working on finishing a basement are and was just going to put drywall on the ceiling. Menards® offers multiple styles and variations of vinyl flooring that's sure to give your home a whole new look. ft. Can also be used on walls, floors and ceilings. I'm thinking Reflextix would be the way to go (light weight, cheap + insulation value). Finally, many soundproof underlayment products are made of recycled felt. ft. You can expect mass loaded vinyl to cost about $2 per square foot. The closed cell foam decoupling side should face DOWN to create a “double wall” effect, improving performance. Measure the height of your wall – this’ll be the length needed for cutting the mass loaded vinyl. per 1 linear metre. £ 23. Vinyl Noise Barrier. Carpet underlay – studios, theatres, offices; Ceiling – offices, meeting rooms, home theatres. Putting a towel under the door is an effective way of soundproofing, as it helps to block noise from entering or leaving the. Made of highly engineered & recycled polymer-sound abatement material which has been used in the auto industry for 30+ years. Made for residential and commercial application. Typically, these cars are missing a lot of the factory sound deadener. Simply put, this means that STC measures how much sound is lost when traveling from one side of a wall, floor, or ceiling, to the other side. Shipped by iKoustic from the UK. Mass loaded vinyl is limp mass, and so doesn’t pass on vibrations caused by sound waves. There are floor moisture issues to consider, depending. 1LB PSA Backed MLV, 4' x 25', 100 Sq. E. Noise Grabber™ MLV is offered in multiple widths and lengths, and available in both 1 LB and 2 LB per square foot weight. m. Step 2b: Using a T-Square or Straight Edge, prepare to make a clean, straight cut with a utility knife at the desired length. 00. 59 – $ 230. 00 Special Price $350. So far, MLV has only one major drawback, and that’s its price. 1 Lb Soundproofing Wall Soundproof Floor Outdoor Sound Barrier MLV with Acoustic Noise Barrier for Sound Proof Door Ceiling Cars (1. Next I hung this rubber sheet from floor to ceiling, using galvanized roofing nails (the recommended staples didn't go through). com. May be used under carpet, vinyl, tile, wood, laminate and resilient floorings. polyether decoupling foam & mass loaded vinyl sound blocking barrier. From what I gather, you don't glue it down, it has to float on a foam of sorts. The term sound deadening vinyl refers to the same product as Mass Loaded Vinyl. Read honest and unbiased product reviews from our users. This 1 lb/sf, 1/4″ thick underlayment can be installed under hardwood, carpet, laminate, or LVP/LVT over 5mm thick. Use a Utility Knife and cut the MLV to length. Mass loaded vinyl is essentially a reflective sound barrier. The extra heavy-duty flexible acoustic barrier for soundproofing walls, floors, ceilings, cars, boats & truck linings. Vinyl is not as thick as wood and can easily become damaged if stepped. It’s frequently used under carpets or wallpaper to improve a room’s ability to keep sound out. This is an updated video from a few years back with a lot of new information regarding. The heavier the material the higher the soundproofing performance. CALL 0493213101 FOR MORE INFO. If you have the resources to purchase material, mass loaded vinyl is the best fabric for soundproofing. Mass Loaded Vinyl (or MLV for short) is a combination of two ingredients, calcium carbonate or barium sulfate and polyvinylchloride (AKA as vinyl or PVC). Mar 19, 2015. 00 Get it as soon as Wednesday, Nov 22 How to install insulation van floor . It is a very thin piece of material, but its density makes up for it. In 1961, STC was introduced as the method for comparing various wall, ceiling, floor, door, and window assemblies. Related Products. and also comes with different results (and pricing), so feel free to give us a call or read more about the differences on the product data. If you want to go all out find a contractor that can install Roxul comfortboard. 3. These mats can be used to soundproof pretty much anything. The use of mass loaded vinyl barrier in a non-resilient ceiling/floor assembly (an assembly with no resilient clips or channel installed) can provide a slight improvement in airborne noise isolation only. Its thickness can also vary, but it’s common for it to be between 1/16 to 1/4” thick. At only 3/8". Preassure Sensitive Adheisive Backed Mass Loaded Vinyl boosts soundproofing performance of ceilings, walls, and floors by adding mass and preventing structure from vibrating. . Cotton is a Lovely and Soft Low-VOC Carpet. Do not use hollow core doors where sound isolation is important under any circumstances. Here are just some of the benefits of mass loaded vinyl for cars: Easy to install due to its flexibility and self-adhesive material. Back;. QuietWalk Laminate Floor Underlay. Variations in floor level over 1/8" within 3 ft. Mass is one of the key components of any sound isolation scheme, and it’s important in doors as well. (MNL_Parent) Sheet length: 1600mm: Sheet width: 950mm: Sheet thickness: 12mm (2mm vinyl, 10mm foam) Weight:. Mass Loaded Vinyl or ‘MLV’ is a highly effective but ultra thin, flexible sound barrier. As far as overall soundproofing is concerned, mass loaded vinyl is one of the best products out there. The material functions so well because of its massMethod 1: How to Soundproof a Wall Using Mass-Loaded Vinyl. From experience with the same type of treatment, mass loaded vinyl gave better results in sound deadening. Mass loaded vinyl is used for many different. Click images below for PRICING & more information on each product. If you are on a tight budget or have a lot of surfaces to soundproof, then maybe Mass Loaded Vinyl isn’t for you. The only downside to using MLV as your carpet underlay is that. £31. single number quantity summarising the transmission loss of a material over the frequency range from 100Hz to 3. Also, check out my Best Recommended Soundproof Carpets and Flooring Materials. We have a wide range of soundproofing underlays for laminate flooring, carpet, tile and wood floors. The MLV barrier is produced and passed the management system certification. Mass Loaded Vinyl is an excellent sound dampening material that is used for soundproofing. Sticking it under a carpet you might already have will effectively increase its soundproofing capabilities. The decoupled walls and ceiling would be constructed on top of the slab. Mass Loaded Vinyl . Some products try Mass Loaded Vinyl can be installed over existing surfaces or directly to wood and metal framing. After extensive research, I’ve compiled a list of the 9 best soundproofing carpets and flooring materials which I will cover later in the article. MLV is equally effective whether placed loosely or taught on framing. MLV #1 is even thinner, at 1/8 inch thick. OUR CUSTOMERS USE THISTHIN SOUNDPROOFING RUBBER MATT ROLL FOR: Soundproofing. The more surfaces of a car interior are covered with Mass Loaded Vinyl, the better the bass will be. 50 per sq. 4kg Mass Loaded Vinyl: Best Quality Australian Made; 6kg Mass Loaded Vinyl: 4. ft. Why Mass Loaded Barrier? Because it’s as heavy as lead, weighing in at 1 Pound Per Square Foot. Budget. I am thrilled to finally finish and post the results. To be extreme: All the mass loaded vinyl and all the decoupling in the world won't help as long as there is a tiny gap in the window frame. If you want to soundproof the engine compartment, cover its door with the material. 05m2 Best Quality Australian Made; QuietWave Membrane – Acoustica; Autex Composition Peel ‘n’ Stick Acoustic TilesYou will be applying it on top of your old wall for even better results you can try it in combination with either mass loaded vinyl or acoustic foam panels. Carpets typically absorb airborne noise by up to 35%. Carpet underlayments are available in sizes 3/8 in. It is both easy to cut and is cost-efficient. NoiseGuard Acoustic Rubber Underlayment, 12mm x 4' x 15'. TotalMass MLV Barrier 2 LB. As we know, mass and density are some of the critical components when it comes to soundproofing materials. We offer the best mass loaded vinyl products for your soundproofing needs. 2. These range from 1/16″ thick to 1/4″ thick. You can get up to 35 STC by using 2lb per sq ft and 1/4” thickness; however, this is slightly more difficult to work with. Tools and materials needed: Utility knife; Straight edge ; Caulk gun ; Construction adhesive; Screws; Screwdriver ; Roll of mass-loaded vinylIf you ever had any questions regarding Mass Loaded Vinyl for Soundproofing then this video is for you! I will be answering everything you need to know about. If you can find some mass loaded vinyl underlay (1. 5mm foam with attached vapor barrier. Impact noise - like footsteps on the hard-surface floor above you - is one of the most common, and most challenging forms of noise to deal with. $153. 17) Mridul A: Hi, pl confirm if the following solution will work to soundproof and acoustically treat a 11X9 ft room. The foil surface has a special embossing which needs to be rolled out until it feels smooth. Ft)Rugs and fabric wall coverings will help. However, this won’t be effective if you’re looking for materials to reduce impact noise like a hammer strike. Foot. Carpet padding is installed under carpeted floors to provide extra noise reduction. 5' X 30'. Step 1: Remove the wheels and plastic wheel liners and use plastic or tape to cover the surrounding frame and rotor. MLV is also the sound control material of choice to use under carpet when a noise problem exists between a floor/ceiling in an existing home and adding drywall with green glue to the ceiling. Overlap the sheets to compose as solid a barrier as possible, and then caulk any seams with acoustical caulk. TechnoWall Acoustic Mass Loaded Vinyl (MLV) Barrier is a premium, multi-use soundproofing material that reduces sound wave transmission. As far as overall soundproofing is concerned, mass loaded vinyl is one of the best products out there. Non Slip Rug Pad Rug Gripper - 2x8 Feet 1/4” Extra Thick Felt Under Rug for Runner Rugs and Hardwood Floors,Super Cushioned Non Skid Carpet Padding. It can make the floor quieter and more comfortable. 2-IN-1 AUTOMOTIVE SOUND INSULATION: Block noise and heat through the firewall and the. m. Commonly referred to by its acronym, MLV, mass-loaded vinyl is an acoustic material often installed during construction or remodeling where. This is typically why the Mass Loaded Vinyl is instructed to be installed against the studs and then drywall over it. Scrape away any remnants of old caulk. 6 Mass Loaded Vinyl for Walls. Treatment #2 is very similar as the treatment #1, except instead of using Green Glue between the second layer of drywall, you can use Mass Loaded Vinyl. Mass loaded vinyl can also be used as a carpet. Save 5% Details. Non-Slip Area Rug Pad 2'x4', 1/3" Thick Dual Surface-Felt+Rubber. Both are highly effective when it comes to sound reduction, so you can go for whichever option you find convenient. Prepping the MLV. About Mass Loaded Vinyl; About Reinforced Mass Loaded Vinyl; About MLV with Closed Cell Foam; About Sound Isolation Pads. It is rated at 26 STC points in the one pound variety and 32 STC points in the two pound version. ft. Mass loaded vinyl under carpet full# Mass loaded vinyl under carpet pro# You will accomplish a higher level of sound insulation by adding multiple thinner layers of materials than adding fewer layers of flooring material that is very thick. x 66 ft. Discounst for multiple rolls see below. Vinyl Plank Flooring - Sound Reducing, Waterproof Underlayment 100 Square Foot Roll. the mass lessens vibration of the structure which considerably lowers sound transmission though the structure. It is safe to say that not all mass loaded vinyl are the. It weighs more (1 lbs compared to 1/2 lbs) and it’s got a better STC rating (27 compared to 20). Buy Design Engineering 050113 Under Carpet Lite 70" x 72" Sound Absorption and Insulation (35 sq. The classic acoustic carpet is the deep pile Persian carpet. $153. It does not have the ratings of a pure soundproofing product and is more expensive–but it also has the foam underlay. Soundsulate Mass. & 3/8 in. If you have a small child who likes to throw plastic toys around, puzzle piece floor mats will do the trick. 2. Rolls are 4' x 25' (100 sf). 4" x 12" x72", 11. 4. Two Pound Mass Loaded Vinyl is 1/4" thick and weighing two pounds per square foot This MLV is great for adding mass to your floors, walls, doors and machinery without compromising on space. Custom. The 1/2 inch foam pad keeps it from shifting and the mass loaded vinyl soundproofing layer is smooth and comfortable to walk on. Mass loaded vinyl is a, surprisingly, thin barrier material that adds mass to walls and ceilings to block any kind of noise. 95 $ 24 . 80. It is durable and effective at reducing the transmission loss of floor assemblies. View on Amazon. To ensure the desired effect is achieved, a roller must be used. per square foot. Unroll your MLV on the floor. Plywood flooring Ceramic tile. 5lb Soundproofing barrier roll 100 sqft 25'x4' ACOUSTIMAC SOUNDPROOFING PERFORMANCE CARPET UNDERLAY: ROLL 4. Find helpful customer reviews and review ratings for Soundproofing Material Mass Loaded Vinyl Soundproofing Wall Soundproof Floor Outdoor Sound Barrier MLV with Acoustic Noise Barrier for Sound Proof Door Ceiling Cars (2 Lb 48 Sq. Treatment #2 is very similar as the treatment #1, except instead of using Green Glue between the second layer of drywall, you can use Mass Loaded Vinyl. If you require sound control for airborne sounds such as talking, music, TV, etc. Soundproof mat for floor is available in 1000mm wide rolls and 5 standard thicknesses (3mm, 5mm, 8mm, 10mm and 15mm). Floor soundproofing mats to reduce airborne noise. 6kg Mass Loaded Vinyl: 4. 50 depending on the type, manufacturer, and seller. 1. 4kg Mass Loaded Vinyl: Best Quality Australian Made; 6kg Mass Loaded Vinyl: 4. Technically known as mass loaded vinyl, this noise barrier comes in a roll. 32 – $ 327. you will need to add a layer of mass loaded vinyl (aka MLV) underneath of the underlayment. Used as a primary layer for sound isolation in hotels, nightclubs, cineplex and buildings. Seems like my 96 WRX has zero sound deadening on the cabin floor and getting tired of hearing the raw road noise on my 30min 1 way trip to work every day. I put it all back together and it looks and feels great!MLV layer (Mass Loaded Vinyl) Mass Loaded Vinyl is used to block the remaining sound waves as they travel through the air. After scouring the market, we found the TMS Mass Loaded Vinyl to be the ideal model for all-around soundproofing. Mass loaded vinyl certainly has good characteristics, but floor underlayment apparently has a higher STC rating. $ 236. 05m2 Best Quality Australian Made; Mass Loaded Vinyl – Treated for UV Radiation – Fence Insulation; Acoustic Carpet Underlay – Thermotec NuWaveadding 1-pound mass-loaded vinyl to a typical 2x4 wall with sound-control batts and 5⁄8-inch drywall on both sides would meet our STC requirement of 50. This improves the STC value of the complete. It can be installed on floors, ceilings, doors, or along the walls of an apartment. Often used under carpet if all you have is 1/4" to spare. The vinyl heelpad is thicker and more supple, and thus higher quality. 4’ x 25’ Roll with total coverage of 100 square feet. Phone: 888-815-9691. 04”) and 2mm (0. 3 out of 5 stars 130 1 offer from $238. A 2mm thin soundproofing mat designed to block and reduce airbourne noise. Some of our chic choices include vinyl planks, residential tile, commercial tile, glue-down or loose-lay sheet. View Product!Mass Loaded Vinyl Noise Barrier. A square foot of MLV can cost anywhere between $1 and $2. Fire Rated and Manufactured in the USA from virgin material this Mass Loaded. 15 kHz under AS/NZS 1276. 69m² Hudson Perle Rustic Self Adhesive Vinyl Plank - 16 Pack. Noise Grabber Mass Loaded Vinyl. 2. You want to cover as close to 100% of the floor as possible w/ Luxury Liner Pro, our best automotive noise barrier. Mass-loaded vinyl is made from plastic, so it does not bring out any odor. At even just ½LB per sq ft, MLV can produce a 25 STC rating, which is 1/16” thickness. com. Mold and mildew resistant. Mass loaded vinyl. RRP AU $99. This typically means pulling the carpet, and covering the entire floor, as well as the doors. Using a razor blade carefully cut the opening along the edges of the box. 4”) and is found in two variants: 1. 0. Top 10 Best Sound Deadening Mats 2023. Along with noise reduction, this can also include thermal insulation or moisture control. Green Glue vs. 23 Reviews. Mass-Loaded Vinyl is the ultimate tool for adding mass to your walls, floors, and even ceilings without adding unnecessary bulk. Mass loaded vinyl is a popular soundproofing product for good reason. SKU VN-100425 Categories Mass Loaded Vinyl, Berry Amendment Compliant Fabrics Tags 1 lb. Use a T-Square or Straight Edge to cut a square edge. Next a layer to decouple the sheet metal from the mass loaded vinyl. Mass loaded vinyl is used for adding mass to walls and ceilings as part of a soundproofing or sound control scheme. Installation of acoustic underlay for Luxury vinyl tile floor. But you can find it for as cheap as $1 and as expensive as $5, depending on the thickness. Price $460. Sizing: Product is 4. As a rubber-like material, it does not smell, neither is it toxic to the body. Peel and Stick Self-Adhesive Backing ensures easy application. 5 Mass Loaded Vinyl for Floors. The higher the STC rating on a. Free delivery on eligible orders of £20 or more. Underlayment is a great alternative to mass-loaded vinyl. Mass-loaded vinyl is similar in compo-sition to sheet-vinyl flooring except that it has high-density additives that push its weight from roughly 1⁄2 pound to 2 pounds per square foot. 2. Mass loaded Vinyl, also known as simply MLV is a dense and heavy material that does a great job at soundproofing a wall. It's important to to cover as much area as possible, with as few gaps as possible. cork floor underlayments as an example, they are typically available in three diverse thickness options: 1/8, 1/4, and 1/2 of an inch. If you don't have access to the floor above, using RSIC clips to decouple the ceiling from the floor is the best way to prevent noise from transferring between spaces. Same wall, but mass loaded vinyl is 45. Obviously can’t have a thick carpet cause UFH. 61. Place the soundproof underlay. 23 Reviews. Floor Underlayment. Use sound isolation clips on the ceiling side. Our Available MLV Weights. You can also use mass loaded vinyl to add mass to doors and walls. with the vinyl layer, i can keep my bass under control behind it, block sounds. £ 19. SKU: RMI-305R 0. Recommended for use with LVT 5 mm and thicker. 00 0 items; Skip to navigation. Under the old carpet was a layer of mass loaded vinyl and, since we liked how quiet the boat is it seemed like a good idea. It can also help you soundproof walls, ceilings — you name it, you can probably attach MLV to it. 2mm. 59 – $ 363. Senso 914 x 184 x 2mm 2. Cut your MLV using a utility knife and T. Under carpet pads (in addittion to those attached to the carpet) Under rear seat pad. We have acoustical underlayment options for luxury vinyl planks, laminate tile, hardwood floors, and more. x 4-/2 ft. g. For the MLV, it would cost about: $1000 for 3/32". It is a thin and flexible material that is easy to cut-out and install. 0 lbs. Construction 2mm Mass Loaded vinyl upper layer, coupled with an 10mm closed cell foam to create the most effective means of acoustic blocking. Dimensions: 1. It's a viscoelastic material, which means that when the. 2. I've pulled up enough carpets in new quiet cars and seen thick, almost full coverage deadening on floor panels, and heavy mat backing on the carpet or molded thick foam. 5' x 20' 3/8" Thick -90 Square Feet Total. Best soundproof carpet underlayment to reduce impact noise. Get Interlocking Floor Mats. Colors . It has a tear strength of 70 lbs/in and tensile strength of 400 psi. Sound insulation is not the first or last industry to take full advantage. $17999 ($0. 1 sheet @ 1350mm x 1950mm. ) x 61. $2999 ($0. Has anyone used Zealous Mass Loaded Vinyl Pre-Cut Mats? They're not badly priced I think and would love to eliminate the road noise as much as possible. I'm thinking of putting this material on the current wall then adding another 1/2" layer sheetrock on the walls and ceiling of my theater room. 1LB Mass Loaded Vinyl - 1/8" thick and weighs 1 pound per square ft. Nails will do the job just fine, as will glue. 5’ (9 sq ft) MLV sheet is 3/8” thick. 44m²). MASS LOADED VINYL + FOAM: Each 2’ x 4. Covering any space with. 1/8" 1lbs/sq foot Mass Loaded Vinyl (MLV) is reported to be a great addition to round out your vehicles soundproofing. 78 in. Limp Mass Vinyl MLV Alternative ｜Mass Loaded Vinyl Floor Insulation MLV Sound Deadening MLV Under Carpet. The recipe I've seen is (bottom to top): a square or two of Dynamat on each panel to add mass & keep 'em from vibrating. If you want to find the right underlay for your project visit or FAQ or call one of our acoustic experts for free. Sub floor should have L360 for deflection. Luxury Liner Pro is our best automotive sound and heat barrier. TroyStudio Mass Loaded Vinyl Sound Proof Barrier, 1. Mass Loaded Vinyl . 5' X 20' 3/8" was $400. Mass loaded vinyl. Seal the seams, the perimeter, and around any penetrations with acoustical sealant. I’m planning to make an updated video about mass loaded vinyl (MLV). This setting will increase the additional sound deadening layer of vinyl on your floor. Noise Grabber Mass Loaded Vinyl - 2 LB, 4' x 4', 16 Square Foot Roll of MLV - Dozens of Options, Soundproof Barrier, Reduces Noise, Installs Anywhere, Made in the USA Kaqiluo 2 Pack High Density Self-Adhesive Sound Insulation Acoustic Foam, 0. The design and calculation requires a professional structural engineer and acoustic designer. 00. Laying down green glue, mlv, and plywood is also noob level, though time-consuming and life-disrupting. The reason the floor materials aren't as effective is because this problem is best solved with an air-gap and a flexible connection spanning that air-gap. 00 Special Price $179. Seal all the joints with acoustic sealant. 5' wide. ). Acoustic Carpet Underlay, 4ZERO Mass Loaded. Find the electrical box in your wall and gently press the MLV against the box. 1 lb. Rearranging the Furniture. 2mm thick) specifically made for (and allowed by the manufacturer of) vinyl floors, then you can have underpad. Roll out the Mass Loaded Vinyl and measure out the length you need to cut for the section you’re applying. Soundproofing underlayment under rigid flooring Cork is an inexpensive soundproofing underlay. PREPARATiOn: MEAsuRing And CuTTing MAss LOAdEd VinYL 1 2 3What material can I use so I have similar effects as MLV (Mass Loaded Vinyl)? Basically I will be looking for a heavy, flexible material, that is on sheets and does not smell awful. You also then have the option to damp the old and new plywood with a damping compound. 5' wide. Nail, screw or staple it at the top, and then to the studs. 1/8 inch mass loaded vinyl – to block sound waves transmission; 1 inch Rubber padding – to cancel structure borne noise. TotalMass MLV Barrier 2 LB. Our Premium Carpet Underlayment consists of a foam layer supporting an acoustic mass loaded vinyl barrier. For More Information Call 877-800-4079Soundproof Mat for Floor. 5-2lbs. Its dense and heavy composition is designed to block sound waves, reducing airborne noise transmission. This is a High Quality Mass Loaded Vinyl which boosts soundproofing performance by adding mass and preventing structure from vibrating. Using MLV to soundproof a car is pretty easy. Guide to Install MLV Under Carpets. TotalMass MLV Barrier 1 LB. 3.